What is the definition of “Indie”?

How do you define "Indie"???

Here is an insightful, information-packed article describing one scholar's journey to define what it means to be "indie" and how it fits in with the rapidly changing technology immersed within the modern music industry ...

Progressive Sounds: Technology and Innovation in Indie Music

By Laura Schnitker, May 2010

http://www.popmatters.com/pm/feature/125281-progressive-sounds-technology-and-innovation-in-independent-music

Excerpt:

"My effort to define “indie” led me to make an important connection between sound technology and creative approach. Just over a century ago, the development of mechanically reproduced sound gave rise to an industry that was built on the commodification of music. As mass consumerism grew, many critics feared that widespread use of such technology would lead to the cultural and intellectual decline of music. Critics like Adorno failed to appreciate, however, the ingenuity of individuals who used that technology as a means of empowerment through which they pushed the boundaries of popular music ... Whatever type of indie waves may arise in the future, I am certain that new technology will again be an integral component in their unleashing."